A resident is a physician holding a degree (usually an M.D. or D.O.) from an accredited medical school, who practices medicine in a hospital or clinic. Whereas medical school teaches physicians a broad range of medical knowledge, medical residency gives in-depth training within a specific branch of medicine. Residencies can range from three to seven years. Successful completion of residency training is a requirement to practice medicine in many jurisdictions.

Room charges - the charges for an academic year for rooming accommodations for a typical student sharing a room with one other student. Board charges - the charge for an academic year for meals, for a specified number of meals per week. Based on living arrangement.

• On Campus
• Off Campus (not with family)
• Off Campus (with family) – counted as $0.

Research is systematic study directed toward fuller scientific knowledge or use of knowledge directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems or methods including design and development of prototypes and processes.

Monies spent to support research activities (basic and applied research and development). Include indirect costs and pass-throughs to institutions. Funding sources include: Federal (considered a national benchmark to measure research success); State; Private (industry and non-profit); and Local (institutional funds).

Sourced from the National Science Foundation (except where noted below). Includes expenditures in science and engineering (S&E) fields only. Non-S&E expenditures are not included.